AI Uncovers Cause of Mysterious Earthquakes Near Santorini Volcano

An international team of scientists has solved the mystery behind thousands of earthquakes that shook the vicinity of Santorini Island in Greece earlier this year, utilizing advanced artificial intelligence techniques to analyze seismic data. The findings revealed that the earthquakes were caused by the movement of magma in the form of shockwaves beneath the Earth's crust.

Over a span of six weeks, researchers recorded more than 25,000 tremors between the islands of Santorini and Amorgos, with residents feeling hundreds of them, some exceeding a magnitude of 4.5. This prompted authorities to declare a state of emergency and close schools, raising concerns among locals and tourists.

How did magma trigger the earthquakes?

The study clarified that magma moved more than 10 kilometers below the Earth's surface, extending horizontally over an area of up to 20 kilometers, equivalent to a volume of magma sufficient to fill 200,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Researchers confirmed that the magma lacked sufficient pressure to reach the surface, thus limiting the volcanic threat for now.

The research also indicated that the movement of magma occurred in successive pulses, periodically opening and closing rock fissures, which explains the persistence of the earthquake series over several weeks.

Significance of the Discovery

This discovery represents a significant scientific advancement, as it provides a new method for monitoring volcanic activity by using earthquakes as "virtual pressure indicators." This technique enables scientists to differentiate between tectonic earthquakes and those caused by magma movements, thereby enhancing the ability to predict future volcanic eruptions, especially in maritime areas that are challenging to monitor using traditional methods.

It is important to note that Santorini is an active volcanic region, having experienced a massive eruption known as the "Minoan eruption" around 1620 BC, making the monitoring of seismic and volcanic activity vital for the safety of residents and visitors.