AI Identifies Source of Recent Earthquakes Near Santorini Volcano

An international team of researchers has uncovered the cause of thousands of earthquakes that affected the region surrounding the Greek island of Santorini in early 2025. Utilizing advanced artificial intelligence to analyze seismic data, the study concluded that the earthquakes were triggered by the movement of magma plates beneath the Earth's crust, manifesting as rebound waves.

During a six-week period, scientists recorded over 25,000 tremors between Santorini and the nearby island of Amorgos. Many residents experienced hundreds of these tremors, some exceeding a magnitude of 4.5, which led local authorities to declare a state of emergency and close schools, raising alarm among both residents and tourists.

What role did magma play in the earthquakes?

The research indicated that the magma was located more than 10 kilometers below the Earth's surface, spreading horizontally across an area of up to 20 kilometers. This volume is comparable to that of 200,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Researchers confirmed that the magma lacked sufficient pressure to reach the surface, which has limited the volcanic threat thus far.

The study also found that the magma movement occurred in successive pulses, which periodically opened and closed fractures in the surrounding rock. This phenomenon accounted for the extended series of earthquakes that persisted for several weeks.

Significance of the Findings

This discovery marks a crucial advancement in the field of volcanology, offering a novel approach to monitoring volcanic activity by using earthquakes as "virtual pressure gauges." This method allows scientists to differentiate between tectonic earthquakes and those induced by magma movements, thereby improving predictions of future volcanic eruptions, particularly in marine regions that are challenging to monitor through conventional techniques.

It is important to note that Santorini is an active volcanic zone, historically known for the significant "Minoan Eruption" around 1620 BC. Continuous monitoring of seismic and volcanic activity is essential to ensure the safety of both residents and visitors to the area.